易混词辨析

形近词 · 近义词 · 搭配辨析 · 高考必考

📖 为什么"易混词"是失分重灾区?

上海卷的完形填空、语法填空、单选中,最爱考"长得像但意思不同"的词——adapt / adopt、affect / effect、principal / principle 这些词,一个字母之差,意思完全不同。

本页按"6 大类"整理高考最常考的 90 组易混词。每组配:核心区别 + 例句对比 + 易错提醒 + 随堂检测。

🔊 朗读功能:点击词对的"词组 + 词性"区域 → 朗读 3 遍;点击每句例句右侧的"🔊"→ 朗读该例句 1 遍。

第 1 组 · 形近词辨析 20 组

adapt / adopt v. 🔊
核心区别 adapt 是"适应、改编";adopt 是"采纳、收养"。
adapt
Children can adapt to new environments quickly.
孩子们能很快适应新环境。
adopt
The company adopted a new strategy last year.
公司去年采纳了一项新策略。
易错提醒 两个词只差中间一个字母:adapt 中间是 a(适应),adopt 中间是 o(拥有)。记忆口诀:a 是"适应",o 是"拥有"。
affect / effect v. / n. 🔊
核心区别 affect 是动词,"影响";effect 是名词,"影响、效果"。
记忆:affect 是"动作"(a 开头,action);effect 是"结果"(e 开头,end)。
affect
Smoking can seriously affect your health.
吸烟会严重影响你的健康。
effect
The new policy had a positive effect on the economy.
新政策对经济产生了积极的影响。
易错提醒 effect 作动词时,意思是"实现、使发生"(effect a change),非常正式,高考极少考。常见搭配:have an effect on(对……有影响)。
principal / principle n. / adj. / n. 🔊
核心区别 principal 作名词是"校长",作形容词是"主要的";principle 是名词,"原则、原理"。
principal
The principal gave a speech at the opening ceremony.
校长在开学典礼上发表了讲话。
principle
We should stick to our principles no matter what happens.
无论发生什么,我们都应坚守自己的原则。
易错提醒 principal 后接 -al("校长、主要的");principle 后接 -le("原则")。记忆:"校长是主要的(principal)","原则由人立(principle,ple = 立)"。
except / expect prep. / v. 🔊
核心区别 except 是介词,"除……之外";expect 是动词,"期待、期望"。
except
Everyone went to the party except Tom.
除了汤姆,每个人都去参加聚会了。
expect
We expect to finish the project by Friday.
我们预计周五前完成这个项目。
易错提醒 except for 常与整体性的句子连用,表示"除了……之外,整体还是好的":The essay is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
accept / receive v. / v. 🔊
核心区别 receive 是"收到"(被动);accept 是"接受"(主动)。
receive
I received a letter from my pen pal yesterday.
我昨天收到了笔友的一封信。
accept
She accepted the invitation to the party.
她接受了聚会的邀请。
易错提醒 收到(receive)≠ 接受(accept)。收到但不一定接受:I received his gift, but I didn't accept it.
through / thorough / though prep. / adj. / conj. 🔊
核心区别 through 是介词,"穿过、通过";thorough 是形容词,"彻底的、细致的";though 是连词,"虽然"。
through
The train went through a long tunnel.
火车穿过了一条长长的隧道。
thorough
The doctor gave him a thorough examination.
医生给他做了一次彻底的检查。
though
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
虽然他很年轻,但他懂得很多。
易错提醒 易混的四兄弟:through(穿过)、thorough(彻底)、though(虽然)、thought(思想,think 的过去式)。
quiet / quite / quit adj. / adv. / v. 🔊
核心区别 quiet 是形容词,"安静的";quite 是副词,"相当、完全";quit 是动词,"放弃、辞职"。
quiet
Please keep quiet in the library.
请在图书馆里保持安静。
quite
The film was quite interesting.
这部电影相当有趣。
quit
He decided to quit smoking for the sake of his health.
为了健康,他决定戒掉吸烟。
易错提醒 quit - quit - quit(过去式和过去分词同形);quit doing sth. = 停止做某事。
personal / personnel adj. / n. 🔊
核心区别 personal 是形容词,"个人的、私人的";personnel 是名词,"全体人员、人事部门"。
personal
Please don't ask about my personal life.
请不要打听我的个人生活。
personnel
The company's personnel department is on the second floor.
公司的人事部门在二楼。
易错提醒 personnel 是集合名词,作主语时谓语用复数:The personnel are very friendly.
beside / besides prep. / prep. 🔊
核心区别 beside 是"在……旁边";besides 是"除……之外还"(= in addition to)。
beside
She sat beside me during the whole meeting.
整个会议期间她都坐在我旁边。
besides
Besides English, she can also speak French.
除英语之外,她还会说法语。
易错提醒 beside 是"位置"(旁边);besides 是"加法"(除……之外还)。
对比:except 是"减法"(除……之外),besides 是"加法"(除……之外还)。
loose / lose adj. / v. 🔊
核心区别 loose 是形容词,"松的、宽松的";lose 是动词,"丢失、输掉"。
loose
This shirt is too loose for me.
这件衬衫对我来说太宽松了。
lose
Be careful not to lose your keys.
小心别丢了钥匙。
易错提醒 lose - lost - lost(动词变化);loose 是形容词,没有词形变化。
记住"s 放在 o 后面是 lose(丢失),s 放在前面是 loose(松的)"。
weather / whether n. / conj. 🔊
核心区别 weather 是名词,"天气";whether 是连词,"是否"。
weather
The weather is getting warmer day by day.
天气一天天变暖了。
whether
I don't know whether he will come or not.
我不知道他是否会来。
易错提醒 whether 与 if 的区别:whether 可用于句首主语从句、介词后、与 or not 连用;if 只能引导宾语从句。
例:Whether he comes is unknown.(不能用 If)
advice / advise n. / v. 🔊
核心区别 advice 是名词(不可数),"建议";advise 是动词,"建议"。
advice
My teacher gave me some useful advice.
老师给了我一些有用的建议。
advise
I advise you to take a rest.
我建议你休息一下。
易错提醒 advice 不可数——不能说 an advice,要用 a piece of advice。
advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)。
practice / practise n. / v. 🔊
核心区别 practice 是名词(美式英语中也可作动词),"练习、实践";practise 是英式动词,"练习"。
practice
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。(Practice 是名词)
practise
She practises the piano every day.
她每天练习钢琴。(英式拼写)
易错提醒 上海卷用英式拼写——所以动词用 practise,名词用 practice。
但高考真题中也偶见美式 practice(动词),以真题为准。
succeed / success v. / n. 🔊
核心区别 succeed 是动词,"成功";success 是名词,"成功、成功的人或事"。
succeed
He finally succeeded in passing the exam.
他终于成功通过了考试。
success
The concert was a great success.
这场音乐会非常成功。
易错提醒 succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事);success 可数时指"成功的人/事",不可数时指抽象的"成功"。
imagine / imaginary / imaginative v. / adj. / adj. 🔊
核心区别 imagine 是动词,"想象";imaginary 是形容词,"虚构的、想象中的";imaginative 是形容词,"富有想象力的"。
imagine
Can you imagine living on the moon?
你能想象住在月球上吗?
imaginary
The dragon is an imaginary creature.
龙是一种虚构的生物。
imaginative
She is a highly imaginative writer.
她是一位想象力丰富的作家。
易错提醒 imaginary 是"假的,虚构的";imaginative 是"有想象力的"。
两者含义完全不同,不要混用。
industrial / industrious adj. / adj. 🔊
核心区别 industrial 是"工业的";industrious 是"勤奋的"(= hard-working)。
industrial
The industrial revolution changed the world.
工业革命改变了世界。
industrious
He is an industrious student who never wastes time.
他是个勤奋的学生,从不浪费时间。
易错提醒 industry 一词两义——作"工业"讲时,形容词是 industrial;作"勤奋"讲时,形容词是 industrious。
economic / economical adj. / adj. 🔊
核心区别 economic 是"经济的";economical 是"节约的、经济的"(省钱)。
economic
The country is facing serious economic problems.
这个国家正面临严重的经济问题。
economical
This small car is very economical on fuel.
这辆小车非常省油。
易错提醒 economic 与"经济学"有关(economy 经济);economical 与"省钱"有关(save money)。
considerable / considerate adj. / adj. 🔊
核心区别 considerable 是"相当大的、可观的";considerate 是"体贴的、考虑周到的"。
considerable
The project required a considerable amount of money.
这个项目需要相当大的一笔钱。
considerate
It was very considerate of you to help the old man.
你帮助那位老人真是体贴。
易错提醒 considerable(相当大)常修饰数量、程度;considerate(体贴)常修饰人。
记忆:-able 接"物",-ate 接"人"(considerate 用于形容人的品质)。
sensible / sensitive adj. / adj. 🔊
核心区别 sensible 是"明智的、合理的";sensitive 是"敏感的、灵敏的"。
sensible
It was a sensible decision to save money for the future.
为将来存钱是一个明智的决定。
sensitive
She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
她对他人的感受很敏感。
易错提醒 sensible 是"明智"(= wise);sensitive 是"敏感"(= easily affected)。
两个词含义完全不同,不要混用。
respectful / respectable / respective adj. / adj. / adj. 🔊
核心区别 respectful 是"恭敬的、有礼貌的"(主动尊敬别人);respectable 是"体面的、受人尊敬的"(值得被尊敬);respective 是"各自的"。
respectful
We should be respectful to our teachers.
我们应该尊敬老师。
respectable
He comes from a respectable family.
他来自一个体面的家庭。
respective
After the meeting, they went back to their respective offices.
会议结束后,他们回到了各自的办公室。
易错提醒 三个词都来自 respect,但含义不同:
· respectful = 对别人尊敬(主动);
· respectable = 值得被尊敬(被动);
· respective = 各自的(与尊敬无关)。

综合练习 · 形近词辨析 10 题

练习 1
用 adapt / adopt 填空:
(1)It took him a while to ____ to the new school.
(2)The government decided to ____ a new policy.
答案与详解

(1)adapt——"适应"新学校;

(2)adopt——"采纳"新政策。

(1)adapt;(2)adopt。
练习 2
用 affect / effect 填空:
(1)The noise outside ____ my ability to concentrate.
(2)The medicine had a quick ____ on the patient.
答案与详解

(1)affected——动词,"影响",用过去式;

(2)effect——名词,"效果",have an effect on。

(1)affected;(2)effect。
练习 3
用 principal / principle 填空:
(1)The ____ of our school gave a speech at the ceremony.
(2)Honesty is one of his core ____.
答案与详解

(1)principal——"校长";

(2)principles——"原则",复数。

(1)principal;(2)principles。
练习 4
用 accept / receive 填空:
(1)I ____ your apology, but I still feel hurt.
(2)She ____ an email from the company yesterday.
答案与详解

(1)accept——"接受"(主动);

(2)received——"收到"(被动),用过去式。

(1)accept;(2)received。
练习 5
用 beside / besides 填空:
(1)The hotel stands ____ the river.
(2)____ English, she can also speak Japanese.
答案与详解

(1)beside——"在……旁边";

(2)Besides——"除……之外还",句首大写。

(1)beside;(2)Besides。
练习 6
用 loose / lose 填空:
(1)Be careful not to ____ your wallet in the crowd.
(2)She was wearing a ____ dress that day.
答案与详解

(1)lose——"丢失",动词;

(2)loose——"宽松的",形容词。

(1)lose;(2)loose。
练习 7
用 advice / advise 填空:
(1)Can you give me some ____ on how to improve my English?
(2)The doctor ____ him to stop smoking.
答案与详解

(1)advice——"建议"(名词,不可数);

(2)advised——"建议"(动词,过去式)。

(1)advice;(2)advised。
练习 8
用 sensible / sensitive 填空:
(1)It was a ____ decision to save money for the future.
(2)Don't be so ____ about your weight.
答案与详解

(1)sensible——"明智的";

(2)sensitive——"敏感的"。

(1)sensible;(2)sensitive。
练习 9
用 considerable / considerate 填空:
(1)The project required a ____ amount of money.
(2)It was very ____ of you to help the old man.
答案与详解

(1)considerable——"相当大";

(2)considerate——"体贴的"。

(1)considerable;(2)considerate。
练习 10
用 respectful / respectable / respective 填空:
(1)We should be ____ to our teachers.
(2)He comes from a ____ family.
(3)After the meeting, they went back to their ____ offices.
答案与详解

(1)respectful——"恭敬的"(主动尊敬);

(2)respectable——"体面的"(值得尊敬);

(3)respective——"各自的"。

(1)respectful;(2)respectable;(3)respective。
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