📖 为什么"易混词"是失分重灾区?
上海卷的完形填空、语法填空、单选中,最爱考"长得像但意思不同"的词——adapt / adopt、affect / effect、principal / principle 这些词,一个字母之差,意思完全不同。
本页按"6 大类"整理高考最常考的 90 组易混词 。每组配:核心区别 + 例句对比 + 易错提醒 + 随堂检测 。
🔊 朗读功能 :点击词对的"词组 + 词性"区域 → 朗读 3 遍 ;点击每句例句右侧的"🔊"→ 朗读该例句 1 遍 。
第 1 组 · 形近词辨析 20 组
adapt / adopt
v.
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核心区别
adapt 是"适应、改编";adopt 是"采纳、收养"。
adapt
Children can adapt to new environments quickly.
孩子们能很快适应 新环境。
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adopt
The company adopted a new strategy last year.
公司去年采纳 了一项新策略。
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易错提醒
两个词只差中间一个字母:adapt 中间是 a (适应),adopt 中间是 o (拥有)。记忆口诀:a 是"适应",o 是"拥有" 。
affect / effect
v. / n.
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核心区别
affect 是动词,"影响";effect 是名词,"影响、效果"。
记忆:affect 是"动作"(a 开头,action) ;effect 是"结果"(e 开头,end) 。
affect
Smoking can seriously affect your health.
吸烟会严重影响 你的健康。
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effect
The new policy had a positive effect on the economy.
新政策对经济产生了积极的影响 。
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易错提醒
effect 作动词 时,意思是"实现、使发生"(effect a change),非常正式,高考极少考。常见搭配 :have an effect on (对……有影响)。
principal / principle
n. / adj. / n.
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核心区别
principal 作名词是"校长",作形容词是"主要的";principle 是名词,"原则、原理"。
principal
The principal gave a speech at the opening ceremony.
校长 在开学典礼上发表了讲话。
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principle
We should stick to our principles no matter what happens.
无论发生什么,我们都应坚守自己的原则 。
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易错提醒
principal 后接 -al ("校长、主要的");principle 后接 -le ("原则")。记忆:"校长是主要的 (principal)","原则由人立 (principle,ple = 立)"。
except / expect
prep. / v.
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核心区别
except 是介词,"除……之外";expect 是动词,"期待、期望"。
except
Everyone went to the party except Tom.
除了汤姆,每个人都去参加聚会了。
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expect
We expect to finish the project by Friday.
我们预计 周五前完成这个项目。
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易错提醒
except for 常与整体性的句子连用,表示"除了……之外,整体还是好的":The essay is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
accept / receive
v. / v.
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核心区别
receive 是"收到"(被动);accept 是"接受"(主动)。
receive
I received a letter from my pen pal yesterday.
我昨天收到 了笔友的一封信。
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accept
She accepted the invitation to the party.
她接受 了聚会的邀请。
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易错提醒
收到(receive)≠ 接受(accept)。收到但不一定接受 :I received his gift, but I didn't accept it.
through / thorough / though
prep. / adj. / conj.
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核心区别
through 是介词,"穿过、通过";thorough 是形容词,"彻底的、细致的";though 是连词,"虽然"。
through
The train went through a long tunnel.
火车穿过 了一条长长的隧道。
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thorough
The doctor gave him a thorough examination.
医生给他做了一次彻底 的检查。
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though
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
虽然 他很年轻,但他懂得很多。
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易错提醒
易混的四兄弟 :through(穿过)、thorough(彻底)、though(虽然)、thought(思想,think 的过去式)。
quiet / quite / quit
adj. / adv. / v.
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核心区别
quiet 是形容词,"安静的";quite 是副词,"相当、完全";quit 是动词,"放弃、辞职"。
quiet
Please keep quiet in the library.
请在图书馆里保持安静 。
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quite
The film was quite interesting.
这部电影相当 有趣。
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quit
He decided to quit smoking for the sake of his health.
为了健康,他决定戒掉 吸烟。
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易错提醒
quit - quit - quit (过去式和过去分词同形);quit doing sth. = 停止做某事。
personal / personnel
adj. / n.
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核心区别
personal 是形容词,"个人的、私人的";personnel 是名词,"全体人员、人事部门"。
personal
Please don't ask about my personal life.
请不要打听我的个人 生活。
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personnel
The company's personnel department is on the second floor.
公司的人事 部门在二楼。
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易错提醒
personnel 是集合名词,作主语时谓语用复数 :The personnel are very friendly.
beside / besides
prep. / prep.
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核心区别
beside 是"在……旁边";besides 是"除……之外还"(= in addition to)。
beside
She sat beside me during the whole meeting.
整个会议期间她都坐在我旁边 。
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besides
Besides English, she can also speak French.
除 英语之外 ,她还会说法语。
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易错提醒
beside 是"位置" (旁边);besides 是"加法" (除……之外还)。
对比:except 是"减法"(除……之外),besides 是"加法"(除……之外还)。
loose / lose
adj. / v.
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核心区别
loose 是形容词,"松的、宽松的";lose 是动词,"丢失、输掉"。
loose
This shirt is too loose for me.
这件衬衫对我来说太宽松 了。
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lose
Be careful not to lose your keys.
小心别丢 了钥匙。
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易错提醒
lose - lost - lost (动词变化);loose 是形容词 ,没有词形变化。
记住"s 放在 o 后面是 lose(丢失),s 放在前面是 loose(松的) "。
weather / whether
n. / conj.
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核心区别
weather 是名词,"天气";whether 是连词,"是否"。
weather
The weather is getting warmer day by day.
天气 一天天变暖了。
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whether
I don't know whether he will come or not.
我不知道他是否 会来。
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易错提醒
whether 与 if 的区别 :whether 可用于句首主语从句、介词后、与 or not 连用;if 只能引导宾语从句。
例:Whether he comes is unknown. (不能用 If)
advice / advise
n. / v.
🔊
核心区别
advice 是名词(不可数),"建议";advise 是动词,"建议"。
advice
My teacher gave me some useful advice .
老师给了我一些有用的建议 。
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advise
I advise you to take a rest.
我建议 你休息一下。
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易错提醒
advice 不可数 ——不能说 an advice,要用 a piece of advice。
advise sb. to do sth. (建议某人做某事)。
practice / practise
n. / v.
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核心区别
practice 是名词(美式英语中也可作动词),"练习、实践";practise 是英式动词,"练习"。
practice
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧 。(Practice 是名词)
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practise
She practises the piano every day.
她每天练习 钢琴。(英式拼写)
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易错提醒
上海卷用英式拼写 ——所以动词用 practise ,名词用 practice 。
但高考真题中也偶见美式 practice(动词),以真题为准。
succeed / success
v. / n.
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核心区别
succeed 是动词,"成功";success 是名词,"成功、成功的人或事"。
succeed
He finally succeeded in passing the exam.
他终于成功 通过了考试。
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success
The concert was a great success .
这场音乐会非常成功 。
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易错提醒
succeed in doing sth. (成功做某事);success 可数时 指"成功的人/事",不可数时 指抽象的"成功"。
imagine / imaginary / imaginative
v. / adj. / adj.
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核心区别
imagine 是动词,"想象";imaginary 是形容词,"虚构的、想象中的";imaginative 是形容词,"富有想象力的"。
imagine
Can you imagine living on the moon?
你能想象 住在月球上吗?
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imaginary
The dragon is an imaginary creature.
龙是一种虚构的 生物。
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imaginative
She is a highly imaginative writer.
她是一位想象力丰富 的作家。
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易错提醒
imaginary 是"假的,虚构的";imaginative 是"有想象力的"。
两者含义完全不同,不要混用。
industrial / industrious
adj. / adj.
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核心区别
industrial 是"工业的";industrious 是"勤奋的"(= hard-working)。
industrial
The industrial revolution changed the world.
工业 革命改变了世界。
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industrious
He is an industrious student who never wastes time.
他是个勤奋 的学生,从不浪费时间。
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易错提醒
industry 一词两义——作"工业"讲时,形容词是 industrial ;作"勤奋"讲时,形容词是 industrious 。
economic / economical
adj. / adj.
🔊
核心区别
economic 是"经济的";economical 是"节约的、经济的"(省钱)。
economic
The country is facing serious economic problems.
这个国家正面临严重的经济 问题。
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economical
This small car is very economical on fuel.
这辆小车非常省油 。
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易错提醒
economic 与"经济学"有关(economy 经济);economical 与"省钱"有关(save money)。
considerable / considerate
adj. / adj.
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核心区别
considerable 是"相当大的、可观的";considerate 是"体贴的、考虑周到的"。
considerable
The project required a considerable amount of money.
这个项目需要相当大 的一笔钱。
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considerate
It was very considerate of you to help the old man.
你帮助那位老人真是体贴 。
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易错提醒
considerable (相当大)常修饰数量、程度;considerate (体贴)常修饰人。
记忆:-able 接"物",-ate 接"人" (considerate 用于形容人的品质)。
sensible / sensitive
adj. / adj.
🔊
核心区别
sensible 是"明智的、合理的";sensitive 是"敏感的、灵敏的"。
sensible
It was a sensible decision to save money for the future.
为将来存钱是一个明智 的决定。
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sensitive
She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
她对他人的感受很敏感 。
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易错提醒
sensible 是"明智"(= wise);sensitive 是"敏感"(= easily affected)。
两个词含义完全不同,不要混用。
respectful / respectable / respective
adj. / adj. / adj.
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核心区别
respectful 是"恭敬的、有礼貌的"(主动尊敬别人);respectable 是"体面的、受人尊敬的"(值得被尊敬);respective 是"各自的"。
respectful
We should be respectful to our teachers.
我们应该尊敬 老师。
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respectable
He comes from a respectable family.
他来自一个体面的 家庭。
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respective
After the meeting, they went back to their respective offices.
会议结束后,他们回到了各自 的办公室。
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易错提醒
三个词都来自 respect,但含义不同:
· respectful = 对别人尊敬(主动);
· respectable = 值得被尊敬(被动);
· respective = 各自的(与尊敬无关)。
综合练习 · 形近词辨析 10 题
练习 1
用 adapt / adopt 填空:
(1)It took him a while to ____ to the new school.
(2)The government decided to ____ a new policy.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)adapt ——"适应"新学校;
(2)adopt ——"采纳"新政策。
(1)adapt;(2)adopt。
练习 2
用 affect / effect 填空:
(1)The noise outside ____ my ability to concentrate.
(2)The medicine had a quick ____ on the patient.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)affected ——动词,"影响",用过去式;
(2)effect ——名词,"效果",have an effect on。
(1)affected;(2)effect。
练习 3
用 principal / principle 填空:
(1)The ____ of our school gave a speech at the ceremony.
(2)Honesty is one of his core ____.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)principal ——"校长";
(2)principles ——"原则",复数。
(1)principal;(2)principles。
练习 4
用 accept / receive 填空:
(1)I ____ your apology, but I still feel hurt.
(2)She ____ an email from the company yesterday.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)accept ——"接受"(主动);
(2)received ——"收到"(被动),用过去式。
(1)accept;(2)received。
练习 5
用 beside / besides 填空:
(1)The hotel stands ____ the river.
(2)____ English, she can also speak Japanese.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)beside ——"在……旁边";
(2)Besides ——"除……之外还",句首大写。
(1)beside;(2)Besides。
练习 6
用 loose / lose 填空:
(1)Be careful not to ____ your wallet in the crowd.
(2)She was wearing a ____ dress that day.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)lose ——"丢失",动词;
(2)loose ——"宽松的",形容词。
(1)lose;(2)loose。
练习 7
用 advice / advise 填空:
(1)Can you give me some ____ on how to improve my English?
(2)The doctor ____ him to stop smoking.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)advice ——"建议"(名词,不可数);
(2)advised ——"建议"(动词,过去式)。
(1)advice;(2)advised。
练习 8
用 sensible / sensitive 填空:
(1)It was a ____ decision to save money for the future.
(2)Don't be so ____ about your weight.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)sensible ——"明智的";
(2)sensitive ——"敏感的"。
(1)sensible;(2)sensitive。
练习 9
用 considerable / considerate 填空:
(1)The project required a ____ amount of money.
(2)It was very ____ of you to help the old man.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)considerable ——"相当大";
(2)considerate ——"体贴的"。
(1)considerable;(2)considerate。
练习 10
用 respectful / respectable / respective 填空:
(1)We should be ____ to our teachers.
(2)He comes from a ____ family.
(3)After the meeting, they went back to their ____ offices.
查看答案与详解
答案与详解
(1)respectful ——"恭敬的"(主动尊敬);
(2)respectable ——"体面的"(值得尊敬);
(3)respective ——"各自的"。
(1)respectful;(2)respectable;(3)respective。