易混词辨析 · 第 2 组

近义词辨析 · 20 组 · 高考完形/单选核心考点

📖 近义词辨析 · 20 组

近义词辨析是上海卷完形填空、语法填空、单选的高频考点——say / speak / talk / tell 四个词都是"说",但搭配和含义完全不同。

本组精选 20 组高考最常考的近义词。每组配:核心区别 + 例句对比 + 易错提醒 + 随堂检测。

🔊 朗读功能:点击词对的"词组 + 词性"区域 → 朗读 3 遍;点击每句例句右侧的"🔊"→ 朗读该例句 1 遍。

第 2 组 · 近义词辨析 20 组

say / speak / talk / tell v. 🔊
核心区别 say 强调"说的内容";speak 强调"说话的能力/语言";talk 强调"交谈"(双方互动);tell 强调"告诉"(信息传递)。
say
He said hello to me and walked away.
他向我说了声你好,就走开了。
speak
She can speak three languages fluently.
她能流利地说三种语言。
talk
Let's talk about the plan over lunch.
午餐时我们谈谈这个计划吧。
tell
Please tell me the truth.
请告诉我真相。
易错提醒 四大搭配:
· say sth. to sb.(说给某人听)
· speak to sb. / speak + 语言
· talk with / to sb. about sth.(与某人谈某事)
· tell sb. sth. / tell sb. to do sth.
look / see / watch / notice v. 🔊
核心区别 look 强调"看"的动作(后接 at);see 强调"看见"的结果;watch 强调"观看"动态的过程;notice 强调"注意到"。
look
Please look at the blackboard.
请看黑板。(看的动作)
see
I saw a bird in the tree just now.
我刚才看见树上有一只鸟。(看见的结果)
watch
We watched a basketball match last night.
昨晚我们观看了一场篮球赛。(观看动态)
notice
Did you notice her new hairstyle?
你注意到她的新发型了吗?
易错提醒 see sb. do sth.(看见某人做过某事——全过程)
see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事——进行中)
hear / listen (to) v. 🔊
核心区别 hear 强调"听见"(不一定是主动的);listen 强调"听"的动作(主动,后接 to)。
hear
I heard a strange noise outside.
我听见外面有奇怪的声音。
listen
Please listen to me carefully.
请仔细听我说。
易错提醒 hear 不用进行时(除非表示"正在听到某种声音"):
✗ I am hearing you. ✓ I hear you.
listen 后必须接 to:listen to music。
cost / spend / take / pay v. 🔊
核心区别 cost 主语是"物",表示"某物花某人多少钱";spend 主语是"人",表示"某人花钱/时间";take 常用于 it takes sb. time to do sth.;pay 主语是"人",表示"付款"。
cost
The book cost me 50 yuan.
这本书花了我 50 元。(主语是 the book)
spend
I spent 50 yuan on the book.
我花了 50 元买这本书。(主语是 I)
take
It took me two hours to finish the work.
完成这项工作花了我两小时。
pay
I paid 50 yuan for the book.
我为这本书付了 50 元。
易错提醒 四大搭配:
· sth. costs sb. money
· sb. spends money / time on sth. / (in) doing sth.
· It takes sb. time to do sth.
· sb. pays money for sth.
bring / take / fetch / carry v. 🔊
核心区别 bring 是"带来"(往说话人方向);take 是"带走"(离说话人方向);fetch 是"去取来"(去 + 回);carry 是"携带、搬运"(不强调方向)。
bring
Please bring me the book.
请把书带给我。
take
Please take the umbrella with you.
请把伞带走。
fetch
Could you fetch me a glass of water?
你能去取杯水给我吗?
carry
She carried a heavy bag on her shoulder.
她肩上扛着一个很重的包。
易错提醒 bring 与 take 的方向:
· bring = 带到"说话人所在位置";
· take = 从"说话人所在位置"带走。
borrow / lend v. 🔊
核心区别 borrow 是"借入"(从别人那里借来);lend 是"借出"(把东西借给别人)。
borrow
I borrowed a book from the library.
我从图书馆借了一本书。(借入)
lend
Could you lend me your bike?
你能把自行车借给我吗?(借出)
易错提醒 搭配:
· borrow sth. from sb.
· lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.
lend - lent - lent(不规则动词)。
job / work / task n. 🔊
核心区别 job 是可数名词,"具体的工作岗位";work 是不可数名词,"工作(抽象)";task 是"任务"(比较具体)。
job
He found a new job in a bank.
他在银行找到了一份新工作。
work
I have a lot of work to do today.
我今天有很多工作要做。
task
Finishing the report is a difficult task.
完成这份报告是一项艰巨的任务。
易错提醒 job 可数(a job, two jobs);work 不可数(不能说 a work)。
"找工作"用 look for a job(不用 work)。
house / home / family n. 🔊
核心区别 house 指"房屋"(物理建筑);home 指"家"(情感归属);family 指"家庭、家人"。
house
They live in a big house with a garden.
他们住在一栋带花园的大房子里。
home
East or west, home is best.
金窝银窝,不如自己的家。
family
My family are all watching TV.
我的家人都在看电视。
易错提醒 home 前不加冠词:go home(不是 go to home);
family 作主语:视为整体用单数,视为成员用复数。
trip / journey / travel / tour n. 🔊
核心区别 trip 是"短途旅行"(口语化);journey 是"长途旅程"(常指陆路);travel 是"旅行"(抽象概念,不可数);tour 是"巡回旅行"(游览多地)。
trip
We took a day trip to the seaside.
我们去了海边做了个一日游。
journey
The journey to the mountain village took three hours.
去山村的旅程花了三个小时。
travel
Travel broadens the mind.
旅行开阔视野。(抽象)
tour
They went on a tour of Europe last summer.
去年夏天他们去欧洲巡回旅行了。
易错提醒 travel 通常不可数:不能说 a travel,要说 a trip / a journey。
复数 travels 指"多次旅行经历":He wrote a book about his travels.
road / street / path / way n. 🔊
核心区别 road 是"公路"(城市之间);street 是"街道"(城市内部,两边有建筑);path 是"小路"(乡间、公园);way 是"路"(抽象或具体都可)。
road
The road to the airport is under repair.
通往机场的公路正在维修。
street
The street was crowded with shoppers.
街道上挤满了购物的人。
path
We followed a narrow path through the forest.
我们沿着一条狭窄的小路穿过森林。
way
Could you tell me the way to the station?
你能告诉我去车站的路吗?
易错提醒 way 是"路"的万能词——具体路、抽象路都可以用。
常见搭配:on one's way to(在去……的路上)、in the way(挡道)、by the way(顺便说一下)。
chance / opportunity n. 🔊
核心区别 chance 多指"偶然的机会"或"可能性";opportunity 多指"有利的时机"(正式、正面)。
chance
There is a good chance that he will come.
他来的可能性很大。
opportunity
Studying abroad is a great opportunity to learn a new culture.
留学是学习新文化的好机会。
易错提醒 表示"抓住机会":
· take the chance(冒险试试)
· seize / take the opportunity(抓住机会,正面)
二者经常可互换,但 opportunity 更正式。
problem / question / issue n. 🔊
核心区别 problem 是"需要解决的难题";question 是"需要回答的问题";issue 是"需要讨论的议题"(常指社会性)。
problem
We must solve the problem of pollution.
我们必须解决污染问题。
question
May I ask you a question?
我能问你一个问题吗?
issue
Climate change is a global issue.
气候变化是一个全球性议题。
易错提醒 问题要用"solve / work out"(解决);
question 要用"answer / reply to"(回答)。
mistake / error / fault n. 🔊
核心区别 mistake 是"错误"(日常、可大可小);error 是"错误"(正式,计算/判断错误);fault 是"过错、责任"(含责备意味)。
mistake
I made a serious mistake in the exam.
我在考试中犯了一个严重的错误。
error
The report contains several errors.
这份报告有几处错误。
fault
It's not your fault; the traffic was terrible.
这不是你的过错,是交通太糟了。
易错提醒 固定搭配:
· make a mistake(犯错)
· find one's fault(挑某人的错)
· It's one's fault(是某人的过错)
illness / disease / sickness n. 🔊
核心区别 illness 是"生病"(常指较长时间);disease 是"疾病"(医学专用,具体病种);sickness 是"生病"(更口语,也可指"呕吐")。
illness
He missed several classes because of illness.
他因生病缺了好几节课。
disease
Heart disease is a common cause of death.
心脏病是常见的死因。
sickness
She is often absent from school due to sickness.
她常常因生病缺课。
易错提醒 disease 是可数名词(a disease, diseases);
illness / sickness 通常不可数(泛指生病)。
clothes / clothing / dress n. 🔊
核心区别 clothes 是"衣服"(复数,具体的一件件);clothing 是"衣物"(总称,不可数);dress 是"连衣裙"或"着装"。
clothes
She bought some new clothes yesterday.
她昨天买了些新衣服。
clothing
We donated food and clothing to the disaster area.
我们向灾区捐赠了食物和衣物。
dress
She was wearing a beautiful red dress.
她穿着一条漂亮的红色连衣裙。
易错提醒 clothes 永远是复数:不能说 a clothes,要说 a piece of clothing。
clothes 作主语谓语用复数:His clothes are new.
couple / pair n. 🔊
核心区别 couple 是"一对(人或物)";pair 是"一双、一副"(配套的两个)。
couple
The young couple are planning their wedding.
这对年轻夫妇正在筹备婚礼。
pair
I bought a new pair of shoes.
我买了一双新鞋。
易错提醒 a pair of + 复数名词(一双):a pair of shoes / glasses / trousers;
a couple of = 几个(口语):a couple of days(两三天)。
price / cost / value n. 🔊
核心区别 price 是"价格"(卖家定的);cost 是"成本、花费";value 是"价值"。
price
The price of the house is too high.
这套房子的价格太高了。
cost
The cost of living in this city is high.
这座城市的生活成本很高。
value
The value of friendship cannot be measured in money.
友谊的价值不能用金钱衡量。
易错提醒 "价格高低"用 high / low:The price is high / low。
"东西贵贱"用 expensive / cheap:The book is expensive / cheap。
customer / client / guest n. 🔊
核心区别 customer 是"顾客"(购物消费);client 是"客户"(接受专业服务);guest 是"客人"(被邀请或被招待)。
customer
The shop has many regular customers.
这家商店有很多老顾客。
client
The lawyer met his client this morning.
律师今天上午见了他的客户。
guest
We are expecting some guests for dinner tonight.
今晚我们家有几位客人来吃饭。
易错提醒 顾客(customer)去超市购物;客户(client)找律师、会计;客人(guest)被邀请做客或住酒店。
everyone / every one pron. 🔊
核心区别 everyone 只指"每个人"(= everybody);every one 是"每一个"(可指人或物,后常接 of)。
everyone
Everyone in our class likes English.
我们班每个人都喜欢英语。
every one
Every one of the books is worth reading.
这些书每一本都值得一读。
易错提醒 everyone 后不能接 of:
✗ everyone of us ✓ every one of us
everyone 作主语谓语用单数:Everyone is here.
sometime / some time / sometimes adv. / n. / adv. 🔊
核心区别 sometime 是"某个时候"(不确切的时间);some time 是"一段时间";sometimes 是"有时"(频率)。
sometime
Let's meet sometime next week.
我们下周某个时候见一面吧。
some time
I need some time to think about it.
我需要一段时间来考虑一下。
sometimes
Sometimes I walk to school instead of taking the bus.
有时我步行去学校,而不是坐公交车。
易错提醒 三兄弟一对比就记住:
· sometimes = 有时(频率)
· some time = 一段时间
· sometime = 某个时候(不确切)

综合练习 · 近义词辨析 10 题

练习 1
用 say / speak / talk / tell 填空:
(1)Can you ____ me the way to the station?
(2)She can ____ both English and French.
(3)He ____ "Good morning" to me with a smile.
(4)Let's ____ about our plan for the weekend.
答案与详解

(1)tell——tell sb. sth.;

(2)speak——speak + 语言;

(3)said——say sth. to sb.,用过去式;

(4)talk——talk about sth.。

(1)tell;(2)speak;(3)said;(4)talk。
练习 2
用 look / see / watch / notice 填空:
(1)Please ____ at the picture on page 10.
(2)Did you ____ her new hairstyle?
(3)We ____ a football match on TV last night.
(4)I ____ him cross the street just now.
答案与详解

(1)look——look at;

(2)notice——"注意到";

(3)watched——观看动态;

(4)saw——看见全过程。

(1)look;(2)notice;(3)watched;(4)saw。
练习 3
用 cost / spend / take / pay 填空:
(1)The book ____ me 50 yuan.
(2)I ____ 50 yuan on the book.
(3)It ____ me two hours to finish the work.
(4)I ____ 50 yuan for the book.
答案与详解

(1)cost——sth. costs sb. money;

(2)spent——sb. spends money on sth.;

(3)took——It takes sb. time to do sth.;

(4)paid——sb. pays money for sth.。

(1)cost;(2)spent;(3)took;(4)paid。
练习 4
用 bring / take / fetch / carry 填空:
(1)Please ____ me the book when you come tomorrow.
(2)Remember to ____ your umbrella when you go out.
(3)Could you ____ me a glass of water?
(4)She ____ a heavy bag on her shoulder.
答案与详解

(1)bring——带来;

(2)take——带走;

(3)fetch——去取来;

(4)carried——扛、搬运。

(1)bring;(2)take;(3)fetch;(4)carried。
练习 5
用 borrow / lend 填空:
(1)May I ____ your pen for a minute?
(2)Could you ____ me your bike?
答案与详解

(1)borrow——借入;

(2)lend——借出。

(1)borrow;(2)lend。
练习 6
用 job / work / task 填空:
(1)He found a new ____ in a bank.
(2)I have a lot of ____ to do today.
(3)Finishing the report is a difficult ____.
答案与详解

(1)job——可数,工作岗位;

(2)work——不可数,工作;

(3)task——任务。

(1)job;(2)work;(3)task。
练习 7
用 chance / opportunity 填空:
(1)There is a good ____ that he will come.
(2)Studying abroad is a great ____ to learn a new culture.
答案与详解

(1)chance——可能性;

(2)opportunity——时机、机会。

(1)chance;(2)opportunity。
练习 8
用 problem / question / issue 填空:
(1)May I ask you a ____?
(2)We must solve the ____ of pollution.
(3)Climate change is a global ____.
答案与详解

(1)question——需要回答的问题;

(2)problem——需要解决的难题;

(3)issue——社会议题。

(1)question;(2)problem;(3)issue。
练习 9
用 mistake / error / fault 填空:
(1)I made a serious ____ in the exam.
(2)The report contains several ____.
(3)It's not your ____; the traffic was terrible.
答案与详解

(1)mistake——日常错误;

(2)errors——正式、书面错误;

(3)fault——过错、责任。

(1)mistake;(2)errors;(3)fault。
练习 10
用 sometime / some time / sometimes 填空:
(1)Let's meet ____ next week.
(2)I need ____ to think about it.
(3)____ I walk to school.
答案与详解

(1)sometime——某个时候;

(2)some time——一段时间;

(3)Sometimes——有时(句首大写)。

(1)sometime;(2)some time;(3)Sometimes。
🔊 正在朗读…