完形填空 · 阅读理解专项

1考情分析 · 15 分怎么考？

上海卷完形填空基本形式

项目	说明
题量	15 题
分值	15 分（每题 1 分）
短文长度	约 250 词
选项形式	4 选 1（A / B / C / D）
考查能力	词汇辨析 + 逻辑关系 + 上下文呼应 + 语法结构
体裁	记叙文 / 议论文 / 说明文

核心认知

完形填空 ≠ 语法填空

上海卷的完形填空不会考"时态、语态、非谓语"这类语法点（那些放在语法填空里）。完形填空的考点集中在：

词汇辨析——近义词、形近词、搭配辨析（占比最高）；
逻辑关系——转折、因果、递进、对比；
上下文呼应——前后文线索、同义复现、反义复现；
固定搭配——动词短语、介词短语、习惯表达。

👉 启示：背单词不够，还要背"搭配"；做题时不能只盯着一句话，要往前后文看。

上海卷完形填空的 3 个特点

特点 1 · 语境为王

4 个选项往往在语法上都对，只有一个在"意义上"符合语境。所以必须通读全文，把握大意。

特点 2 · 词汇辨析为主

高频题型：动词辨析（say / speak / tell / talk；look / see / watch / notice）、名词辨析、形容词辨析、副词辨析。要求对"近义词的细微差别"有感觉。

特点 3 · 上下文线索多

很多空的答案在前后文里"直接给出"，或者靠逻辑关系判断。会看上下文的人做起来很快。

2三步解题法

核心方法论

做上海卷完形填空，按以下三步走，稳、准、快。

第一步：通读全文（不看选项）
先花 1—2 分钟把整篇短文从头读到尾，跳过空格，只把握大意——这篇文章在讲什么？主人公是谁？发生了什么？表达什么情感或观点？
👉 为什么重要：没有整体理解，单句做题很容易"选错方向"。
第二步：逐题突破（边读边做）
开始做题。每题遵循 3 个动作：
① 先看本句——理解本句意思，明确空格处缺什么；
② 再看前后句——是否有逻辑关系（转折/因果/递进）；
③ 最后看选项——逐个排除，选出最符合语境的。
👉 遇到不确定的题，先标记、跳过，继续往后做——有时后面的线索能帮你回来选对。
第三步：复读检查（重点查"前后呼应"）
做完后再通读一遍，重点检查：
① 前后逻辑是否通顺；
② 语义是否一致（没有自相矛盾）；
③ 是否有"上下文线索"被忽略（如同义复现、反义复现）。
👉 检查时，只改"明显错"的题，不要把不确定的都改一遍——第一感觉往往是对的。

"答题时间分配"建议

阶段	时间	动作
通读全文	1—2 分钟	把握大意，划出人物、时间、情感关键词
逐题突破	6—8 分钟	逐题看上下文，边做边标不确定题
复读检查	1—2 分钟	通读一遍，检查逻辑呼应
合计	10 分钟左右	整卷 105 分钟，完形填空不要超过 12 分钟

3四大高频考点（重点）

考点 1 · 词汇辨析（占比最高）

上海卷最爱考这一块。四个选项往往意思相近，需要"词义的细微差别"。

类别	典型例子
say / speak / tell / talk	He said hello to me. / Please tell me the truth.
look / see / watch / notice	I watched the game. / Did you notice her new dress?
hear / listen	I heard a noise. / I listen to music every day.
cost / spend / take / pay	It took me 2 hours. / I spent 100 yuan on it.
bring / take / fetch / carry	Bring it here. / Take it away.
accept / receive	I received the gift but didn't accept it.
arrive / reach / get to	We arrived in Beijing. / We reached Beijing.

做题技巧

① 先看四个选项的"核心区别"（是"动作对象不同"还是"意义侧重不同"）；

② 再看本句的"主语 / 宾语"分别是什么；

③ 最后看搭配：tell sb. sth.、say sth. to sb.、speak to sb.、talk with sb.

考点 2 · 逻辑关系（转折/因果/递进）

空格前后如果有明显逻辑关系，答案往往就是"逻辑连接词"。

逻辑	常见词	例句
转折	but, however, yet, although, though	He worked hard, but he failed.
因果	because, so, since, as, therefore	He was ill, so he didn't come.
递进	and, also, besides, moreover, what's more	It's cheap; moreover, it's useful.
对比	while, whereas, on the contrary	Some like tea, while others like coffee.
让步	although, even though, no matter	Although he's young, he knows a lot.

考点 3 · 上下文呼应（同义复现 / 反义复现）

核心技巧

同义复现——空格处的答案，往往在前文或后文用"另一种说法"出现过。

He is very generous. He always gives money to those in need. — 前文 generous（慷慨的）与后文 gives money 呼应。

反义复现——空格处的答案，往往与前文或后文的某个词是"反义"。

Unlike his lazy brother, Tom is very diligent. — diligent 与 lazy 反义。

做题技巧

看到空格，往前、往后多读两句。答案经常在前后文中"已经给出线索"——你可能不需要理解整篇文章，只需要抓住这两个词。

考点 4 · 固定搭配

动词 + 介词、形容词 + 介词、名词 + 介词，这些搭配固定，考查的是"记忆+语感"。

搭配	例句
be good at	She is good at math.
be interested in	I am interested in music.
be proud of	He is proud of his son.
be afraid of	She is afraid of dogs.
depend on	It depends on the weather.
take care of	Please take care of the baby.
look forward to	I look forward to seeing you.
pay attention to	Pay attention to your spelling.

💡 想要系统地积累搭配，可以回到高频短语搭配复习五大王牌动词短语。

4真题精讲 · 一篇完整示例

下面是一篇模拟上海卷难度的完形填空（为教学示例原创，共 10 空）。请按"三步解题法"跟着做一遍。

Step 1 · 通读全文（跳过空格）

When I was a child, my grandmother often told me stories. Every evening, she would sit by my bed and tell me a story. I loved listening to her. One day, I asked her, "Grandma, why do you always tell me stories?" She smiled and said, "Because stories can teach us things that life sometimes cannot. They help us understand the world." I didn't understand her then. But as I grew up, I began to realize what she meant. Stories are like windows. Through them, we can see the world in a different way. Now, whenever I feel lost or confused, I remember my grandmother's words. She was right. Stories are more than just words.

大意

这篇短文讲述"我"童年时祖母每晚讲故事，以及长大后对"故事"的重新理解。关键词：grandmother / stories / understand / remember / right。

Step 2 · 逐题突破（示例 3 题）

例 1

When I was a child, my grandmother often ____ me stories.

A. said
B. told
C. spoke
D. talked

答案与详解

答案：B. told。

思路：

① 先看本句：祖母给"我"讲故事，"讲故事"需要"告诉某人某事"。

② 再看搭配：4 个词都是"说"的意思，但搭配不同——

· say sth. to sb.（说某事给某人听）

· tell sb. sth.（告诉某人某事）

· speak to sb. / speak + 语言

· talk with / to sb.（与某人谈话）

③ 本句结构是"grandmother ___ me stories"，后面直接跟双宾语，只能用 tell。

答案：B. told。

例 2

She smiled and said, "Because stories can teach us things that life sometimes ____."

A. can
B. cannot
C. must
D. mustn't

答案与详解

答案：B. cannot。

思路：

① 先看本句：祖母解释"为什么讲故事"——"因为故事能教我们一些生活有时不能教的东西"。

② 再看逻辑：本句是"故事能做的事"与"生活不能做的事"形成对比/补充，所以后半句应该用否定。

③ 通过"语义判断"确认：如果填 can，就变成"故事能教生活也能教的"——那就没有讲故事的独特价值了。所以用 cannot。

答案：B. cannot。

例 3

Now, whenever I feel lost or confused, I remember my grandmother's words. She was ____.

A. wrong
B. right
C. sad
D. angry

答案与详解

答案：B. right。

思路：

① 先看本句：这句话是对祖母的最终评价。

② 再看上下文线索：前文说"Stories are like windows. Through them, we can see the world..."——"我"最终认同了祖母的观点。所以此处应该表达"她是对的"。

③ 排除法：wrong（错的）与全文基调矛盾；sad（悲伤的）、angry（生气的）与语境无关。

答案：B. right。

Step 3 · 复读检查

检查要点

① 全文逻辑通顺吗？——"童年听故事 → 不理解 → 长大后理解 → 认同"是完整的时间线；

② 有没有前后矛盾？——"她是 right"与"Now I remember her words"呼应，无矛盾；

③ 有没有前后呼应的线索被忽略？——比如原题中"Stories are like windows"与"windows"的呼应。

5完形填空高频词汇表

易混动词辨析（高频）

动词	搭配	例句
say	say sth. to sb.	He said hello to me.
tell	tell sb. sth. / tell sb. to do	She told me a story.
speak	speak to sb. / speak English	He speaks English well.
talk	talk with / to sb. about sth.	Let's talk about it.
look	look at (看) / look for (寻找)	Look at the blackboard.
see	see sth.（看见，强调结果）	I saw a bird.
watch	watch sth.（观看动态）	We watched a film.
notice	notice sth.（注意到）	I didn't notice her.
hear	hear sth.（听见，强调结果）	I heard a noise.
listen	listen to sth.（听，强调动作）	Listen to me.
cost	sth. costs sb. money	The book cost me 20 yuan.
spend	sb. spends money / time on sth.	I spent 20 yuan on it.
take	it takes sb. time to do sth.	It took me 2 hours.
pay	sb. pays money for sth.	I paid 20 yuan for it.
bring	bring sth. here（带到说话人处）	Bring it to me.
take	take sth. away（从说话人处带走）	Take it away.
fetch	fetch sth.（去取来，来回）	Please fetch me a cup.
accept	accept（主动接受）	I accepted the gift.
receive	receive（被动收到）	I received a letter.

逻辑关系连接词（高频）

关系	连接词
转折	but, however, yet, although, though, while
因果	because, since, as, so, therefore, thus
递进	and, also, besides, moreover, what's more
举例	for example, for instance, such as
总结	in short, in a word, in conclusion, to sum up
对比	while, whereas, on the contrary, in contrast

6实战练习（先做，再看答案）

下面是一篇新短文（5 空），请按三步法独立完成。

Last summer, I went to a small village in Yunnan to teach English to children. When I first arrived, I was surprised by how (1) ____ the village was. There were no tall buildings, no traffic lights, and no supermarkets. But the children were so (2) ____ to learn. They would walk for an hour to come to class, rain or shine. Their eyes were full of (3) ____ when I told them about the world outside. I taught them for two weeks. On my last day, the children gave me a small gift—a hand-made card. It said, "Thank you for showing us a bigger world." I cried. That trip taught me that (4) ____ is not about how much you have, but about how much you can give. I also realized that these children, though poor, were (5) ____ than many wealthy people I know.

第 1 题

When I first arrived, I was surprised by how ____ the village was.
A. rich　B. poor　C. large　D. modern

答案与详解

答案：B. poor。

后文"no tall buildings, no traffic lights, no supermarkets"说明村子贫穷。排除 A（富有）和 D（现代）。C（大）与后文无关。

答案：B。

第 2 题

But the children were so ____ to learn.
A. eager　B. afraid　C. tired　D. lucky

答案与详解

答案：A. eager。

后文"They would walk for an hour to come to class, rain or shine"说明孩子们"渴望"学习。afraid（害怕）、tired（疲惫）、lucky（幸运）都不符合。

答案：A。

第 3 题

Their eyes were full of ____ when I told them about the world outside.
A. fear　B. anger　C. curiosity　D. sadness

答案与详解

答案：C. curiosity。

听"外面的世界"时眼睛充满——"好奇"。这是典型的"上下文呼应"题型。

答案：C。

第 4 题

That trip taught me that ____ is not about how much you have, but about how much you can give.
A. money　B. life　C. wealth　D. travel

答案与详解

答案：B. life。

从句式看，这是一个"人生哲理"型的总结句。"Life is not about how much you have, but about how much you can give." ——这是英语中很常见的哲理表达。

money / wealth 与"how much you can give"逻辑不搭配（钱不是靠"给予"衡量的）；travel（旅行）也不合适。

答案：B。

第 5 题

I also realized that these children, though poor, were ____ than many wealthy people I know.
A. happier　B. busier　C. luckier　D. richer

答案与详解

答案：A. happier。

这是全文的情感落点——"这些孩子虽然贫穷，却比许多富人更幸福"。是议论文常见的"转折/让步"表达。

richer 与前文 though poor 矛盾；busier / luckier 与整体语境不符。

答案：A。

★高考链接 · 上海卷真题特点

上海卷完形填空的命题特点

特点 1

短文多以记叙文 + 人生感悟为主。主人公经历一件事，最后得到一句"人生哲理"。

特点 2

选项以词汇辨析为主，较少考纯语法。要求对"近义词、形近词、搭配"非常熟悉。

特点 3

至少 3—5 空是"上下文呼应"题——答案需从前文或后文找线索，不是"孤立地看本句"。

特点 4

最后一段（结尾处）往往有 1—2 空，考"主旨/情感"——如："Life is not about..." / "These children were happier..."。做结尾题要往"全文主旨"上想。

本专题复习清单

三步解题法：通读全文 → 逐题突破 → 复读检查。
时间分配：10 分钟左右（通读 1—2 分钟 + 逐题 6—8 分钟 + 检查 1—2 分钟）。
四大考点：词汇辨析 / 逻辑关系 / 上下文呼应 / 固定搭配。
易混动词：say/tell/speak/talk、look/see/watch/notice、hear/listen、cost/spend/take/pay、bring/take/fetch。
逻辑连接词：but、however、because、so、moreover、while 等。
上下文呼应：同义复现、反义复现——答案往往在前文或后文出现。
结尾题：往"全文主旨"上想——人生哲理、情感落点。

📖 完形填空 · 15 分

1考情分析 · 15 分怎么考？

2三步解题法

3四大高频考点（重点）

4真题精讲 · 一篇完整示例

5完形填空高频词汇表

6实战练习（先做，再看答案）

★高考链接 · 上海卷真题特点