名词性从句

英语语法精讲 · 第 4 专题

1名词性从句总览

教材概念
Grammar

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句可以作:

· 主语从句:What he said is true.

· 宾语从句:I don't know what he said.

· 表语从句:The problem is what he said.

· 同位语从句:The fact that he lied is clear.

名词性从句由连接词引导,连接词分为三类:

· 连接词 that、whether、if(只起连接作用,不作成分);

· 连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosesoever;

· 连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however。

概念解读
名词性从句的"三种连接词"
连接词是否作成分含义
that不作成分无实义(只起连接作用)
whether / if不作成分是否
连接代词(what 等)作主语/宾语/定语什么/哪个/谁/谁的
连接副词(when 等)作状语何时/何地/为何/如何

核心判断方法:

  • 从句不缺成分,且句意完整 → 用 that;
  • 从句不缺成分,但句意是"是否" → 用 whether/if;
  • 从句缺主语、宾语或定语 → 用连接代词(what/which/who 等);
  • 从句缺状语,句意完整 → 用连接副词(when/where/why/how)。

👉 口诀:缺什么补什么——名词性从句的连接词选择,只看"从句缺什么成分"和"句意是否完整"。

从句类型 作用 例句
主语从句 作主句主语 What he said is true.
宾语从句 作及物动词或介词的宾语 I don't know what he said.
表语从句 作系动词的表语 The problem is what he said.
同位语从句 对前面的名词作解释说明 The fact that he lied is clear.

⭐ 关键区分:名词性从句用陈述语序(主语 + 谓语),这一点与疑问句不同。例如:
· I don't know where he lives.(正确,陈述语序)
· ✗ I don't know where does he live.(错误,疑问语序)

连接词 作用 例句
that 不作成分,无实义 I know that he is right.
whether / if 不作成分,意为"是否" I wonder whether he is right.
what 作主语/宾语/定语,意为"什么" I know what he wants.
which 作定语,意为"哪一个" I don't know which one to choose.
who 作主语/宾语,意为"谁" I know who did it.
when / where / why / how 作状语 I don't know when he will come.
典型习题(先做,再看答案)
例 1
判断下列从句属于哪种名词性从句:
(1)What he said made us happy.
(2)I don't know whether he will come.
(3)The fact that he is honest is known to all.
(4)The problem is who will take charge.
💡 提示:看从句在主句中作什么成分。
答案与详解
(1)What he said made us happy.
What he said 作主句的主语,是主语从句。
(2)I don't know whether he will come.
whether he will come 作 know 的宾语,是宾语从句。
(3)The fact that he is honest is known to all.
that he is honest 对 the fact 作解释说明,是同位语从句。
(4)The problem is who will take charge.
who will take charge 作系动词 is 的表语,是表语从句。
(1)主语从句;(2)宾语从句;(3)同位语从句;(4)表语从句。

2连接词 that 与 whether/if

教材概念
Grammar

that:在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不作任何成分,也没有实际意义。

· 在宾语从句中,that 常可省略:I know (that) he is right.

· 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中,that 一般不能省略。

whether / if:意为"是否",不作成分。

· 在宾语从句中,whether 和 if 都可以用:I don't know whether/if he will come.

· 但下列情况只能用 whether,不能用 if:

① 引导主语从句且置于句首时;

② 引导表语从句时;

③ 引导同位语从句时;

④ 在介词后时;

⑤ 与 or not 直接连用时(whether or not / whether...or not);

⑥ 后接不定式时(whether to do)。

概念解读
whether vs if 的"六大只能用 whether"
情况正确错误
句首主语从句Whether he will come is unknown.If he will come is unknown.
表语从句The question is whether he will come.The question is if he will come.
同位语从句The question whether he will come...The question if he will come...
介词后It depends on whether he will come.It depends on if he will come.
与 or not 直接连用whether or not he will comeif or not he will come
后接不定式whether to comeif to come

对比记忆:

  • whether 用法更广,几乎所有情况都能用;
  • if 只能用于宾语从句,且不能与 or not 直接连用。

👉 口诀:whether 万能,if 只能宾从。句首、表语、同位语、介词后、or not、不定式——六种情况用 whether。

① whether 与 if 的选择

whether 万能,if 只能宾从 whether ✓ 主语从句 ✓ 表语从句 / 同位语从句 / 宾语从句 if ✓ 只能用于宾语从句 ✗ 其他情况一律用 whether 能用 if 的场合,whether 也能用;能用 whether 的场合,if 不一定能用 口诀:有 whether 用 whether,绝对不会错 考试遇到"是否",首选 whether(除非已确定是简单宾语从句)

② that 与 whether 的区别

that(无实义) vs whether(是否) that:从句句意完整,不需要"是否" I know that he is right.(我知道他是对的) whether:句意包含"是否" I wonder whether he is right.(我想知道他是否对) 判断方法:翻译句子,看从句是否包含"是否"的意思
典型习题(先做,再看答案)
例 1
用 that 或 whether/if 填空:
(1)I know ____ he is honest.
(2)I wonder ____ he is honest.
(3)____ he is honest is unknown.
(4)The question is ____ he is honest.
(5)It depends on ____ he is honest.
💡 提示:翻译句意,看是否有"是否"的含义;注意句首主语从句和介词后的情况。
答案与详解
(1)I know ____ he is honest.
句意"我知道他诚实",无"是否",用 that。
(2)I wonder ____ he is honest.
句意"我想知道他是否诚实",包含"是否",宾语从句,用 whether/if。
(3)____ he is honest is unknown.
句意"他是否诚实未知",主语从句置于句首,只能用 Whether。
(4)The question is ____ he is honest.
表语从句,只能用 whether。
(5)It depends on ____ he is honest.
介词 on 后,只能用 whether。
(1)that;(2)whether/if;(3)Whether;(4)whether;(5)whether。
例 2
判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正:
(1)If he will come is not known.
(2)I don't know if or not he will come.
(3)The question is if we should go.
💡 提示:注意 if 只能用在哪里。
答案与详解
(1)If he will come is not known.
错误:if 不能引导置于句首的主语从句。
正确:Whether he will come is not known.
(2)I don't know if or not he will come.
错误:if 不能与 or not 直接连用。
正确:I don't know whether or not he will come.(或 whether he will come or not)
(3)The question is if we should go.
错误:if 不能引导表语从句。
正确:The question is whether we should go.
(1)If → Whether;(2)if or not → whether or not;(3)if → whether。
易错题(具体例子)
易错点 1 · that 在宾语从句中省略

I know (that) he is honest.

错误做法:认为 that 在任何名词性从句中都可以省略。

正确做法:
· 宾语从句中,that 可以省略;
· 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中,that 一般不能省略。
例句对比:
· I know (that) he is honest.(宾从,可省略)
· That he is honest is known to all.(主从,不能省)
· The fact is that he is honest.(表从,不能省)
易错点 2 · whether 与 if 混淆

It depends on ____ he will come.

错误做法:填 if(因为习惯用 if 表示"是否")。

正确做法:填 whether。
介词 on 后只能用 whether,不能用 if。

📌 要点:介词后、主语从句句首、表语从句、同位语从句、与 or not 连用、后接不定式——这六种情况只能用 whether。

3连接代词

教材概念
Grammar

连接代词在名词性从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当某个成分(主语、宾语、定语)。

连接代词在从句中作含义
what主语/宾语/定语什么(= the thing that)
which定语哪一个
who主语/宾语谁(主格)
whom宾语谁(宾格)
whose定语谁的
whatever主语/宾语/定语无论什么
whichever定语无论哪一个
whoever主语/宾语无论谁(主格)
whomever宾语无论谁(宾格)

重点区分:what vs that

· that:不作成分,无实义;

· what:在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,意为"什么/……的东西"。

I know that he is right.(从句 he is right 完整,that 不作成分)

I know what he wants.(从句 he wants 缺宾语,what 作宾语)

概念解读
what 与 that 的"一眼判断法"

核心判断方法:

  • 去掉连接词后,从句完整 → 用 that;
  • 去掉连接词后,从句缺主语或宾语 → 用 what。

对比示例:

句子去掉连接词后从句是否完整用词
I know ___ he is right.he is right完整that
I know ___ he wants.he wants缺宾语what
___ he said is true.he said缺宾语What
___ he is honest is true.he is honest完整That

-ever 形式的含义:

  • whatever = anything that(无论什么);
  • whoever = anyone who(无论谁);
  • whichever = any one that(无论哪一个)。

👉 口诀:that 不作成分,what 必作成分。

① what vs that

去掉连接词,看从句是否完整 完整 → that I know ___ he is right. → he is right 完整 → that 缺宾语 → what I know ___ he wants. → he wants 缺宾语 → what 关键:that 不作成分,what 必作成分

② -ever 形式

-ever 形式的含义 whatever = anything that(无论什么) whoever = anyone who(无论谁) whichever = any one that(无论哪一个) -ever 形式表示"无论……",语气更强,兼有让步意味
典型习题(先做,再看答案)
例 1
用 what 或 that 填空:
(1)I know ____ he is a doctor.
(2)I know ____ he wants.
(3)____ he said is true.
(4)____ he is a doctor is true.
(5)____ he wants is a book.
💡 提示:去掉连接词,看从句是否完整。
答案与详解
(1)I know ____ he is a doctor.
去掉后 he is a doctor 完整,用 that(可省略)。
(2)I know ____ he wants.
去掉后 he wants 缺宾语,用 what。
(3)____ he said is true.
去掉后 he said 缺宾语,用 What(作 said 的宾语)。
(4)____ he is a doctor is true.
去掉后 he is a doctor 完整,用 That。
(5)____ he wants is a book.
去掉后 he wants 缺宾语,用 What。
(1)that;(2)what;(3)What;(4)That;(5)What。
例 2
用适当的连接代词填空:
(1)____ breaks the law will be punished.
(2)____ you do, do it well.
(3)I don't know ____ of the two books is better.
(4)I don't know ____ book this is.
💡 提示:注意从句缺什么成分,以及是否表示"无论……"。
答案与详解
(1)____ breaks the law will be punished.
从句 breaks the law 缺主语,表示"无论谁",用 Whoever(= Anyone who)。
(2)____ you do, do it well.
表示"无论你做什么",用 Whatever(作 do 的宾语)。
(3)I don't know ____ of the two books is better.
表示"两本书中哪一个",用 which(作定语)。
(4)I don't know ____ book this is.
"这是谁的书",表示所属关系,用 whose(作定语)。
(1)Whoever;(2)Whatever;(3)which;(4)whose。
易错题(具体例子)
易错点 1 · what 与 that 混淆

I know ____ he wants to buy.

错误做法:填 that。

正确做法:填 what。
从句 he wants to buy 缺宾语,用 what。
对比:I know that he wants to buy a book.(从句完整,用 that)

📌 口诀:缺成分用 what,不缺成分用 that。

易错点 2 · whoever 与 whomever 的选择

Give the book to ____ comes first.

错误做法:看到介词 to,就填 whomever。

正确做法:填 whoever。
因为 ____ comes first 这个从句中缺主语,不是缺宾语。介词 to 的宾语是整个从句,不是关系词本身。
判断方法:看连接词在从句中作什么成分,而不是看它在主句中作什么成分。

📌 要点:连接词的格由它在从句中的成分决定,不由主句中的位置决定。

4连接副词

教材概念
Grammar

连接副词在名词性从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中作状语。

连接副词含义例句
when何时I don't know when he will come.
where何地I don't know where he lives.
why为何I don't know why he was late.
how如何I don't know how he solved the problem.
whenever无论何时Whenever you come, you are welcome.
wherever无论何地Wherever you go, I will follow.
however无论如何However hard he tried, he failed.

注意:连接副词在从句中作状语,所以从句的其他成分是完整的。

I don't know where he lives.(he lives 完整,where 作地点状语)

I don't know where he visited.(✗ 错,visited 缺宾语,应用 what/which)

概念解读
连接副词与连接代词的"选择逻辑"

判断方法:

  • 从句缺主语或宾语 → 用连接代词(what/which/who 等);
  • 从句缺状语(句子成分完整) → 用连接副词(when/where/why/how)。

对比示例:

句子从句是否完整用词
I don't know ___ he lives.完整(lives 不及物)where
I don't know ___ he visited.缺宾语(visited 及物)what/which
I don't know ___ he will come.完整when
I don't know ___ he wants.缺宾语what

how 的特殊用法:

  • how 可以修饰形容词或副词,构成 how old, how long, how far, how often 等;
  • how 也可以单独使用,表示"如何/怎样"。

👉 口诀:从句完整用副词,从句残缺用代词。

① 连接副词 vs 连接代词

从句完整 → 副词;从句残缺 → 代词 完整 → 连接副词 I don't know where he lives. he lives 完整(lives 不及物) 残缺 → 连接代词 I don't know what he wants. he wants 缺宾语 判断方法:去掉连接词,看从句成分是否完整 这是名词性从句选择连接词的核心方法 适用于所有名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语)

② how 的常见搭配

how 可以修饰形容词/副词 how old I don't know how old he is. how long I don't know how long he will stay. how often / how far I don't know how often he comes. how 修饰形容词/副词时,不能拆开:how + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语
典型习题(先做,再看答案)
例 1
用适当的连接词填空:
(1)I don't know ____ he will come.
(2)I don't know ____ he wants.
(3)I don't know ____ he lives.
(4)I don't know ____ he visited.
(5)I don't know ____ he was late.
💡 提示:先判断从句是否完整。
答案与详解
(1)I don't know ____ he will come.
从句 he will come 完整,缺时间状语,用 when。
(2)I don't know ____ he wants.
从句 he wants 缺宾语,用 what。
(3)I don't know ____ he lives.
从句 he lives 完整(lives 不及物),缺地点状语,用 where。
(4)I don't know ____ he visited.
从句 he visited 缺宾语(visited 及物),用 what/which。
(5)I don't know ____ he was late.
从句 he was late 完整,缺原因状语,用 why。
(1)when;(2)what;(3)where;(4)what/which;(5)why。
例 2
用适当的连接词填空:
(1)____ he will come is still unknown.
(2)The problem is ____ we can finish the work on time.
(3)I have no idea ____ he will come.
(4)____ he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
💡 提示:注意从句的类型。
答案与详解
(1)____ he will come is still unknown.
主语从句,句意"他是否会来",用 Whether(句首只能用 whether)。
(2)The problem is ____ we can finish the work on time.
表语从句,句意"我们是否能按时完成工作",用 whether(表语从句只能用 whether)。
(3)I have no idea ____ he will come.
同位语从句,句意"他是否会来",用 whether。
(4)____ he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
主语从句,从句 he said 缺宾语,用 What。
(1)Whether;(2)whether;(3)whether;(4)What。
易错题(具体例子)
易错点 1 · 只看句意,不看从句成分

I don't know ____ he lives.

错误做法:看到"住"就想到"哪里",填 where——这是对的,但要看理由。

正确做法:
he lives 完整(lives 是不及物动词),缺地点状语,用 where。
对比:I don't know what he wants.(wants 缺宾语,用 what)

📌 要点:连接词的选择必须基于"从句缺什么成分",不是基于"翻译成中文是什么"。

易错点 2 · how 后接形容词/副词的语序

I don't know ____.

错误做法:写成 how old is he。

正确做法:写成 how old he is。
原因:名词性从句用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。
· 疑问句:How old is he?
· 宾语从句:I don't know how old he is.

📌 口诀:名词性从句用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。

5同位语从句

教材概念
Grammar

同位语从句:在句中作同位语,对前面的抽象名词作解释说明,说明该名词的具体内容。

常见可接同位语从句的名词:

· fact, idea, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt(事实、想法、消息、希望、信念、想法、怀疑)

· question, problem, possibility, chance, decision, conclusion(问题、可能性、机会、决定、结论)

引导词:that(最常用)、whether、连接代词、连接副词。

The fact that he lied made us angry.

I have no idea whether he will come.

The question how he escaped remains unanswered.

概念解读
同位语从句 vs 定语从句——"最易混淆的语法点"

两者在形式上非常相似(都是"名词 + that + 从句"),但本质完全不同:

对比项同位语从句定语从句
功能解释名词的内容修饰名词,限定其范围
that 的作用只起连接作用,不作成分作从句的主语或宾语
能否用 which一般不能(除非 which 作从句成分)可以
从句是否完整完整(that 不作成分)可能残缺(that 作成分)

经典对比:

① The news that he told me was exciting.(定语从句:他告诉我的消息——that 作 told 的宾语)

② The news that he won the game was exciting.(同位语从句:他赢了比赛这个消息——that 不作成分,从句完整)

判断方法:去掉 that 后,看从句是否完整:

  • 完整 → 同位语从句;
  • 残缺 → 定语从句。

👉 口诀:同位语从句"解释内容",从句完整;定语从句"限定范围",从句可能残缺。

① 同位语从句 vs 定语从句

去掉 that,看从句是否完整 同位语从句(完整) The news that he won the game was exciting. 去掉 that 后:he won the game ✓ 完整 定语从句(残缺) The news that he told me was exciting. 去掉 that 后:he told me 缺宾语 ✗ 不完整 核心判断:去掉 that 后从句是否完整

② 常见抽象名词

常接同位语从句的抽象名词 表示"想法、信念" idea, belief, thought, doubt, hope 表示"事实、消息" fact, news, truth, rumour 表示"问题、可能性" question, problem, possibility, chance
典型习题(先做,再看答案)
例 1
判断下列句子中的从句是同位语从句还是定语从句:
(1)The fact that he told me is true.
(2)The fact that he is honest is true.
(3)The idea that he came up with is good.
(4)The idea that we should go there is good.
💡 提示:去掉 that,看从句是否完整。
答案与详解
(1)The fact that he told me is true.
去掉 that 后:he told me 缺宾语 → 定语从句(that 作 told 的宾语)。
(2)The fact that he is honest is true.
去掉 that 后:he is honest 完整 → 同位语从句(that 不作成分,解释 fact 的内容)。
(3)The idea that he came up with is good.
去掉 that 后:he came up with 缺宾语 → 定语从句。
(4)The idea that we should go there is good.
去掉 that 后:we should go there 完整 → 同位语从句。
(1)定语从句;(2)同位语从句;(3)定语从句;(4)同位语从句。
例 2
用适当的连接词填空:
(1)I have no idea ____ he will come.
(2)The question ____ we should go has not been decided.
(3)The fact ____ he was late made the teacher angry.
(4)The news ____ he told me made me happy.
💡 提示:注意从句是否完整。
答案与详解
(1)I have no idea ____ he will come.
同位语从句,句意"他是否会来",用 whether。
(2)The question ____ we should go has not been decided.
同位语从句,句意"我们是否应该去",用 whether。
(3)The fact ____ he was late made the teacher angry.
同位语从句,从句完整,用 that。
(4)The news ____ he told me made me happy.
定语从句,从句 he told me 缺宾语,用 that/which(可省略)。
(1)whether;(2)whether;(3)that;(4)that/which(可省略)。
易错题(具体例子)
易错点 1 · 同位语从句与定语从句混淆

The fact ____ he told me is not true.

错误做法:看到 the fact,就认为是同位语从句,填 that 并认为不能省。

正确做法:
去掉 that 后:he told me 缺宾语,是定语从句,that 作 told 的宾语,可以省略。
对比:The fact that he is honest is true.(同位语从句,that 不能省略)

📌 口诀:去掉 that 看完整——完整是同位语,残缺是定语。

易错点 2 · 同位语从句不能用 which 引导

The fact ____ he told me is true.

错误做法:认为 that 和 which 都可以。

正确做法:
定语从句中 that 和 which 都可以:The fact that/which he told me is true.
但同位语从句只能用 that(或 whether、连接代词/副词),不能用 which。
口诀:同位语从句的 that 不能用 which 替换。

6语序与高频易错点

名词性从句的语序
Grammar

名词性从句一律用陈述语序(主语 + 谓语),不能用疑问语序。

✓ I don't know where he lives.

✗ I don't know where does he live.

✓ I don't know what he wants.

✗ I don't know what does he want.

✓ I don't know how old he is.

✗ I don't know how old is he.

名词性从句六大易错点
易错点 1 · 语序错误

I don't know where does he live.

错误做法:用疑问语序 does he live。

正确做法:用陈述语序 he lives:I don't know where he lives.
要点:名词性从句用陈述语序。

📌 口诀:名词性从句用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。

易错点 2 · that 与 what 混淆

I know ____ he wants to buy.

错误做法:填 that。

正确做法:填 what。
从句 he wants to buy 缺宾语,用 what 作宾语。
对比:I know that he wants to buy a book.(从句完整,用 that)

📌 口诀:缺成分用 what,不缺成分用 that。

易错点 3 · whether 与 if 混淆

It depends on ____ he will come.

错误做法:填 if。

正确做法:填 whether。
介词后只能用 whether。
六种只能用 whether 的情况:主语从句句首、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后、与 or not 连用、后接不定式。

📌 口诀:whether 万能,if 只能宾从。

易错点 4 · 同位语从句与定语从句混淆

The fact ____ he told me is true.

错误做法:认为 the fact 后一定是同位语从句。

正确做法:
去掉 that 后:he told me 缺宾语,是定语从句,that 作 told 的宾语。
判断方法:去掉 that,看从句是否完整——完整是同位语,残缺是定语。

📌 口诀:同位语完整,定语残缺。

易错点 5 · 连接代词在从句中的格

Give the book to ____ comes first.

错误做法:填 whomever(看到介词 to)。

正确做法:填 whoever。
因为从句 ____ comes first 缺主语,所以用主格 whoever。介词 to 的宾语是整个从句。
要点:连接词的格由它在从句中的成分决定,不由主句中的位置决定。
易错点 6 · 主句谓语动词的单复数

What he said ____ (be) true.

错误做法:看到 said 是过去式,填 were。

正确做法:填 is(或 was)。
原因:主语从句作主语时,主句谓语通常用单数(把整个从句看作一个整体)。
对比:What he said and what he did are different.(两个从句作主语,用复数)

📌 要点:主语从句作主语,主句谓语用单数。

典型习题(先做,再看答案)
例 1
判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正:
(1)I don't know where does he live.
(2)The question is if we should go.
(3)The fact which he told me is true.
(4)What he said are true.
💡 提示:注意语序、whether/if、同位语从句、主谓一致。
答案与详解
(1)I don't know where does he live.
错误:用了疑问语序。
正确:I don't know where he lives.
(2)The question is if we should go.
错误:表语从句不能用 if。
正确:The question is whether we should go.
(3)The fact which he told me is true.
错误:定语从句 that/which 作宾语时可以,但这里更应注意到"去掉 which 后 he told me 缺宾语"→ 定语从句,which 可以用,但更常见的是 that 或省略。
正确:The fact that he told me is true.(或省略 that)
(4)What he said are true.
错误:主语从句作主语,谓语用单数。
正确:What he said is true.
(1)where does he live → where he lives;(2)if → whether;(3)which → that(或省略);(4)are → is。
例 2
用适当的连接词填空:
(1)____ he will come is still unknown.
(2)I don't know ____ he will come or not.
(3)The fact ____ he told me is not true.
(4)The fact ____ he is honest is true.
(5)____ he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
💡 提示:综合运用本专题知识。
答案与详解
(1)____ he will come is still unknown.
主语从句句首,句意"他是否会来",用 Whether。
(2)I don't know ____ he will come or not.
与 or not 连用,只能用 whether。
(3)The fact ____ he told me is not true.
去掉 that 后 he told me 缺宾语,定语从句,用 that/which(可省略)。
(4)The fact ____ he is honest is true.
去掉 that 后 he is honest 完整,同位语从句,用 that(不能省略)。
(5)____ he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
主语从句,从句 he said 缺宾语,用 What。
(1)Whether;(2)whether;(3)that/which(可省略);(4)that;(5)What。

★高考链接 · 上海卷真题

名词性从句在上海卷的考查方式

上海卷对名词性从句的考查主要集中在:

  • 语法填空(10 分):无提示词填空中,名词性从句的连接词是高频考点,每年约 1—2 空;
  • 中译英(15 分):名词性从句是翻译"我知道……""问题是……""事实上……"等句式的必备工具;
  • 概要写作(15 分):合理使用名词性从句能让概要更凝练、更有层次。

名词性从句每年为上海卷直接贡献 3—5 分,且是中译英和概要写作的重要语法点。

上海卷真题(典型考法)
真题 1 · that 引导宾语从句
上海卷 · 语法填空(1分/空)
I believe ____ he will succeed in the end.
答案与详解
分析
从句 he will succeed in the end 完整,用 that(可省略)。
答案:that(可省略)。
考点:that 引导宾语从句 | 难度:★☆☆☆☆
真题 2 · whether 引导主语从句
上海卷 · 语法填空(1分/空)
____ he will attend the meeting is not decided yet.
答案与详解
分析
主语从句句首,句意"他是否会参加会议",只能用 whether。
答案:Whether。
考点:whether 引导主语从句 | 难度:★★☆☆☆
真题 3 · what 引导主语从句
上海卷 · 语法填空(1分/空)
____ he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
答案与详解
分析
从句 he said 缺宾语,用 what 作 said 的宾语。
答案:What。
考点:what 引导主语从句 | 难度:★★☆☆☆
真题 4 · 同位语从句
上海卷 · 语法填空(1分/空)
The fact ____ he is honest is known to all.
答案与详解
分析
去掉 that 后 he is honest 完整,是同位语从句,用 that(不能省略)。
答案:that。
考点:同位语从句 | 难度:★★☆☆☆
真题 5 · 中译英(名词性从句)
上海卷 · 中译英(3分/句)
他是否能通过考试还不确定。
答案与详解
分析
· "他是否能通过考试"作主语,是主语从句;
· 句首主语从句,只能用 whether;
· 主句谓语用单数 is。
答案:Whether he can pass the exam is not certain.
考点:whether 引导主语从句 + 中译英 | 难度:★★★☆☆
本专题复习清单
  1. 名词性从句四种:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
  2. 连接词三类:that/whether/if(不作成分)、连接代词(what/which/who 等,作成分)、连接副词(when/where/why/how,作状语)。
  3. that vs what:从句完整用 that,从句缺成分用 what。
  4. whether vs if:whether 万能,if 只能用于宾语从句;六种情况只能用 whether。
  5. 同位语从句 vs 定语从句:去掉 that 后从句完整 → 同位语;残缺 → 定语。
  6. 语序:名词性从句一律用陈述语序。
  7. 主谓一致:主语从句作主语,主句谓语用单数。
  8. 高频易错点:语序错误;that 与 what 混淆;whether 与 if 混淆;同位语从句与定语从句混淆;连接代词的格用错;主句谓语单复数。
  9. 本专题最高频陷阱:判断"从句缺什么成分"是选择连接词的核心——永远先看从句,再看句意。