英语句子的正常语序是"主语 + 谓语"。如果把谓语（或谓语的一部分）放在主语之前，这种语序就叫倒装。
倒装分为两类：
① 完全倒装：把整个谓语放在主语之前。
Here comes the bus.
② 部分倒装：只把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词放在主语之前，实义动词留在主语之后。
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
为什么要用倒装？
· 语法结构的要求（如否定词置于句首）；
· 强调某一部分；
· 使句子更生动、更有表现力。
| 类型 | 特点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 完全倒装 | 整个谓语动词提到主语前 | Here comes the bus. |
| 部分倒装 | 只把助动词/情态动词/be 提前 | Never have I seen such a sight. |
判断方法：
👉 口诀：完全倒装动全提，部分倒装提助动。
| 倒装类型 | 使用场合 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 完全倒装 | here/there/now/then 开头 方位副词开头 表语前置 |
Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Gone are the days. |
| 部分倒装 | 否定词/半否定词置于句首 only + 状语置于句首 so/neither/nor 置于句首 虚拟条件句省略 if as/though 引导让步从句 |
Never have I seen it. Only then did I know. So do I. Were I you, ... Young as he is, ... |
⭐ 关键提醒：完全倒装的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词，则不能倒装。
✓ Here comes the bus.（the bus 是名词）
✓ Here it comes.（it 是人称代词，不能倒装）
✗ Here comes it.
完全倒装：把整个谓语放在主语之前。
三种常见情况：
① here / there / now / then 等副词置于句首：
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn.
② 方位副词或拟声词置于句首（out, in, up, down, away, off 等）：
Out rushed the children.
Away flew the bird.
Down came the rain.
③ 表语或地点状语置于句首：
Gone are the days when we were young.
On the wall hangs a picture.
In front of the house stands a tall tree.
① 主语必须是名词，不能是人称代词：
| 正确 | 错误 |
|---|---|
| Here comes the bus. | ✗ Here comes it. |
| Here it comes. | （主语是人称代词时不倒装） |
② 谓语通常是"位置移动"的动词：
如 come, go, be, stand, lie, sit, hang, fly, rush, run 等。
③ 时态通常是"一般现在时"或"一般过去时"，很少用进行时或完成时。
Here comes the bus.（一般现在时）
Out rushed the children.（一般过去时）
👉 口诀：完全倒装名词主，代词主语不倒装。
Here comes he.
📌 口诀：完全倒装名词主，代词主语不倒装。
Out did the children rush.
📌 要点：方位副词 + 实义动词 → 完全倒装。
部分倒装：只把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词放在主语之前，实义动词留在主语之后。
常见情况：
① 否定词或半否定词置于句首：
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain.
② only + 状语置于句首：
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
③ so / neither / nor 置于句首表示"也/也不"：
He likes English. So do I.
He didn't come. Neither did I.
④ so...that 结构中的 so 置于句首：
So tired was he that he couldn't walk any further.
⑤ 虚拟条件句省略 if（见第 6 专题）：
Were I you, I would take the job.
⑥ as / though 引导让步状语从句（见第 5 专题）：
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
① 看句首是否有"触发词"：否定词、only + 状语、so/neither/nor 等。
② 看谓语中有没有"助动词/情态动词/be 动词"：
③ 例句解析：
| 原句 | 倒装句 | 操作 |
|---|---|---|
| I have never seen it. | Never have I seen it. | 助动词 have 提前 |
| I realized the truth then. | Only then did I realize the truth. | 加助动词 did，实义动词 realize 用原形 |
| He is a doctor. | So is he. | be 动词 is 提前 |
👉 口诀：有助提助，无助加 do；实义动词回原形。
Never I have seen such a place.
📌 口诀：否定词提前，必倒装。
Only then I realized the truth.
📌 口诀：无助加 do，实义回原形。
— He likes English.
— So I do.（想表达"我也喜欢英语"）
📌 要点：So do I. 是倒装表"也"，So I do. 是不倒装表"的确"。
当否定词或半否定词置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
常见的否定词和半否定词：
· never：从不
· seldom：很少
· hardly / scarcely：几乎不
· rarely：很少
· little：几乎没有
· few：很少
· nowhere：没有地方
· not until：直到……才
· no sooner...than：一……就……
· hardly...when：一……就……
· not only...but also：不仅……而且……
· no...than / no more than：仅仅
· by no means：绝不
· in no way：绝不
· at no time：绝不
· on no account：绝不
· under no circumstances：绝不
① never / seldom / hardly / rarely / little 等置于句首：
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
Seldom does he go to the cinema.
Little did I know about it.
② not until 置于句首（注意：倒装的是主句，not until 从句不倒装）：
Not until he came back did I know the truth.
（not until 从句 he came back 不倒装；主句 did I know 倒装）
③ not only...but also 中的 not only 置于句首（not only 引导的从句倒装，but also 引导的分句不倒装）：
Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got a high score.
④ hardly...when / no sooner...than（主句倒装）：
Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain.
No sooner had he left than the phone rang.
👉 口诀：否定词提前，主句倒装；从句不倒装（not until, not only, hardly...when 等）。
Not until did he come back I knew the truth.
📌 口诀：not until 从句不倒，主句倒。
Not only he passed the exam, but he also got a high score.
📌 口诀：not only 倒装，but also 不倒。
Hardly had I arrived than it began to rain.
📌 口诀：Hardly/Scarcely 配 when，No sooner 配 than。
当 only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
Only when he came back did I know the truth.
关键区分：
· only + 状语置于句首 → 倒装；
· only + 主语置于句首 → 不倒装。
Only he knows the answer.（only 修饰主语 he，不倒装）
Only in this way can we solve it.（only 修饰状语 in this way，倒装）
① only + 状语 vs only + 主语：
| 结构 | 是否倒装 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| only + 副词 | 倒装 | Only then did I realize it. |
| only + 介词短语 | 倒装 | Only in this way can we solve it. |
| only + 状语从句 | 倒装（主句倒装） | Only when he came did I know. |
| only + 主语 | 不倒装 | Only he knows the answer. |
② only + 状语从句时，倒装的是主句：
Only when he came back did I know the truth.
（when he came back 从句不倒装；主句 did I know 倒装）
③ 对比记忆：
👉 口诀：only + 状语倒装，only + 主语不倒装。
Only in this way we can solve the problem.
📌 口诀：only + 状语倒装，only + 主语不倒装。
Only does he know the answer.
📌 要点：only 修饰主语时不倒装。
在虚拟条件句中，如果 if 从句中有 were / had / should 三个词，可以省略 if，把这三个词提到主语之前，构成倒装。
If I were you, ... → Were I you, ...
If he had known, ... → Had he known, ...
If it should rain, ... → Should it rain, ...
注意：只有 were / had / should 可以提前引起倒装；其他助动词（如 did、would 等）不能提前。
| 原句（带 if） | 倒装句（省略 if） | 与什么相反 |
|---|---|---|
| If I were you, ... | Were I you, ... | 与现在相反 |
| If he had known, ... | Had he known, ... | 与过去相反 |
| If it should rain, ... | Should it rain, ... | 与将来相反 |
记忆要点：
特别注意：如果 if 从句中没有 were / had / should，则不能省略 if，也不能倒装。
✓ If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
✗ Knew I the answer, I would tell you.（错误）
👉 口诀：省略 if 看三个词——were, had, should；提前即倒装。
Did I know the answer, I would tell you.
📌 口诀：省略 if 只看 were / had / should。
由 as / though 引导的让步状语从句，要把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到 as / though 之前，构成倒装。
四种常见倒装形式：
① 形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 系动词：
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
② 副词 + as / though + 主语 + 谓语：
Fast as he ran, he couldn't catch the bus.
③ 名词 + as / though + 主语 + 系动词（不加冠词）：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
④ 动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 助动词：
Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.
① 名词提前时不加冠词：
✓ Child as he is, ...
✗ A child as he is, ...
② as 与 though 都可以用于这种倒装，但 though 更正式：
Young as he is, ... = Young though he is, ...
③ 与正常语序的对比：
| 正常语序 | 倒装语序 |
|---|---|
| Although he is young, he knows a lot. | Young as he is, he knows a lot. |
| Although he ran fast, he couldn't catch the bus. | Fast as he ran, he couldn't catch the bus. |
④ as 表示"因为"时不倒装：
As he is young, he knows a lot.（因为——原因状语从句，不倒装）
Young as he is, he knows a lot.（虽然——让步状语从句，倒装）
👉 口诀：as 表"虽然"要倒装，表"因为"不倒装。
A child as he is, he knows a lot.
📌 要点：名词提前时不加冠词。
Try as he tried, he couldn't solve the problem.
📌 口诀：动词原形提前，助动词留在后。
As he is young, he knows a lot.（想表达"虽然他年轻"）
📌 要点：as 表"虽然"要倒装。
Here comes he.
📌 口诀：完全倒装名词主，代词主语不倒装。
Out did the children rush.
📌 要点：方位副词 + 实义动词 → 完全倒装。
Never I have seen such a beautiful place.
📌 口诀：否定词提前，必倒装。
Only then I realized the truth.
📌 口诀：无助加 do，实义回原形。
— He likes English.
— So I do.（想表达"我也喜欢英语"）
📌 口诀：So + 助动词 + 主语 = 也；So + 主语 + 助动词 = 的确。
Not until did he come back I knew the truth.
📌 口诀：not until 从句不倒，主句倒。
Not only he passed the exam, but he also got a high score.
📌 口诀：not only 倒装，but also 不倒。
Only in this way we can solve the problem.
📌 口诀：only + 状语倒装，only + 主语不倒装。
Knew I the answer, I would tell you.
📌 口诀：省略 if 只看 were / had / should。
A child as he is, he knows a lot.
📌 要点：名词提前时不加冠词。
上海卷对倒装句的考查主要集中在：
倒装句每年为上海卷直接贡献 2—4 分，是语法填空和中译英的重要语法点。