强调句是用来突出句子中某一成分（主语、宾语、状语等）的句型。英语中最常见的强调结构是：
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其余部分
例如：
原句：Tom broke the window yesterday.
强调主语：It was Tom that/who broke the window yesterday.
强调宾语：It was the window that Tom broke yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom broke the window.
其他强调手段：
· 用 do / does / did 强调谓语动词；
· 用 what 引导的主语从句强调；
· 用倒装结构强调；
· 用感叹句强调。
① 突出信息——把想要强调的部分放在 It is/was 之后，让它在句子中更醒目。
② 改变信息焦点——同一件事，强调不同部分，句子的信息焦点就不同。
| 强调对象 | 例句 | 信息焦点 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | It was Tom that broke the window. | 是汤姆打破的（不是别人） |
| 宾语 | It was the window that Tom broke. | 打破的是窗户（不是别的东西） |
| 时间状语 | It was yesterday that Tom broke the window. | 是昨天打破的（不是别的日子） |
👉 口诀：It is/was...that/who——去掉后句子仍完整，就是强调句。
| 强调部分 | 例句 | 连接词 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语（人） | It was Tom that/who broke the window. | that / who |
| 主语（物） | It was the storm that caused the damage. | that |
| 宾语（人） | It was Tom that/who I met yesterday. | that / who |
| 宾语（物） | It was the book that I bought. | that |
| 时间状语 | It was yesterday that Tom broke the window. | that |
| 地点状语 | It was in the park that I met him. | that |
| 原因状语 | It was because he was ill that he didn't come. | that |
⭐ 核心提醒：强调句的判定方法是——去掉 It is/was 和 that/who，剩下的部分是否仍然是一个完整的句子。如果完整，就是强调句；如果不完整，就是其他从句（如定语从句、主语从句）。
基本结构：
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其余部分
使用规则：
① 被强调部分：通常是主语、宾语或状语（时间、地点、原因、方式等）。
② 时态：原句是现在时或将来时，用 It is；原句是过去时，用 It was。
③ 连接词：
· 被强调部分指人：用 that 或 who（也可用 whom，作宾语时）；
· 被强调部分是物或状语：用 that，不用 which / where / when。
④ 主谓一致：that / who 后的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is I who am responsible for it.（被强调的主语是 I，用 am）
It is he who is responsible for it.（被强调的主语是 he，用 is）
① 不能强调谓语动词——如果要强调谓语动词，要用 do / does / did + 动词原形，不能用强调句型。
✓ He did break the window.（他确实打破了窗户）
✗ It was break the window that he did.
② 强调时间、地点、原因状语时，连接词一律用 that，不能用 when / where / why。
It was yesterday that he came.（不是 when）
It was in the park that I met him.（不是 where）
It was because he was ill that he didn't come.（不是 why）
③ 被强调部分可以是从句：
It was because he was ill that he didn't come.
It was when he came back that I knew the truth.
👉 口诀：强调人用 that/who，强调物和状语一律 that。
It was yesterday when he came.
📌 口诀：强调状语用 that，不用 when/where/why。
It is I who is responsible for it.
📌 要点：that/who 后的谓语与被强调的主语一致。
It was break the window that he did.
📌 口诀：强调谓语用 do/does/did，不用强调句型。
强调句的判定方法：
去掉 It is / was 和 that / who，看剩下的部分是否仍然是一个完整的句子。
· 完整 → 强调句；
· 不完整 → 其他从句（定语从句、主语从句等）。
对比示例：
① It was in the park that I met him.
→ 去掉后：In the park I met him.（完整）→ 强调句
② It was the park where I met him.
→ 去掉后：The park I met him.（不完整）→ 定语从句
③ It is important that we should study hard.
→ 去掉后：Important we should study hard.（不完整）→ 主语从句
| 句型 | 结构 | 去掉后是否完整 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 强调句 | It is/was...that/who... | 完整 | It was in the park that I met him. |
| 定语从句 | It is/was + 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 | 不完整 | It was the park where I met him. |
| 主语从句 | It is + adj./n. + that 从句 | 不完整 | It is important that we should study hard. |
补充说明：
👉 口诀：去掉 It is/was 和 that——完整是强调，不完整是其他。
It was the park where I met him.（判断是否为强调句）
📌 口诀：去掉后完整是强调，不完整是其他。
not...until 的强调句型：
It is / was not until + 时间/从句 + that + 其余部分
注意：
① 原句中的 not 要放在 until 之前（即 not until 一起置于被强调部分）；
② that 后的部分要用肯定形式，不能再出现 not；
③ that 不能用 when 代替。
对比示例：
原句：I didn't know the truth until he came back.
强调句：It was not until he came back that I knew the truth.
✗ 错误：It was not until he came back that I didn't know the truth.
not until 的倒装（见第 8 专题）：
Not until he came back did I know the truth.
① not 与 until 一起置于被强调部分：
It was not until he came back that I knew the truth.
② that 后用肯定形式：
✓ It was not until he came back that I knew the truth.
✗ It was not until he came back that I didn't know the truth.
③ not until 的两种句型对比：
| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 强调句 | It was not until...that... | It was not until he came back that I knew the truth. |
| 倒装句 | Not until...did... | Not until he came back did I know the truth. |
④ not until 强调句的一般疑问句：
Was it not until he came back that you knew the truth?
⑤ not until 强调句的特殊疑问句：
When was it that you knew the truth?
👉 口诀：not until 强调句，that 后要用肯定式。
It was not until he came back that I didn't know the truth.
📌 口诀：not until 强调句，that 后肯定式。
It was not until he came back when I knew the truth.
📌 要点：not until 强调句用 that。
强调句的一般疑问句：
Is / Was it + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其余部分？
Was it Tom that broke the window?
Is it in the park that you met him?
强调句的特殊疑问句：
疑问词 + is / was it + that + 其余部分？
Who was it that broke the window?
Where was it that you met him?
When was it that you knew the truth?
注意：特殊疑问句的语序是"疑问词 + is/was it that..."，不能用正常语序。
① 一般疑问句：把 is/was 提前：
| 陈述句 | 一般疑问句 |
|---|---|
| It was Tom that broke the window. | Was it Tom that broke the window? |
| It is in the park that you met him. | Is it in the park that you met him? |
② 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + is/was it that...：
| 强调部分 | 特殊疑问句 |
|---|---|
| 主语（人） | Who was it that broke the window? |
| 宾语（物） | What was it that you bought? |
| 时间状语 | When was it that you knew the truth? |
| 地点状语 | Where was it that you met him? |
③ 注意：特殊疑问句中，that 不能省略。
👉 口诀：一般疑问提前 is/was，特殊疑问"疑问词 + is/was it that"。
Who broke the window was it that?
📌 口诀：疑问词 + is/was it that...，that 不能省。
除了 It is/was...that 结构外，英语中还有以下强调方式：
① 用 do / does / did 强调谓语动词：
He does like English.（他确实喜欢英语）
I did tell you the truth.（我确实告诉了你真相）
② 用 what 引导的主语从句强调：
What he needs is a good rest.（他需要的是好好休息）
③ 用倒装结构强调（见第 8 专题）：
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
④ 用感叹句强调：
What a beautiful day it is!
How beautiful the flowers are!
⑤ 用 very / just / only 等词强调：
This is the very book I want.
He is the only person who can help.
① 只用于肯定句和祈使句，不能用于否定句和疑问句（否定句和疑问句中 do/does/did 本身就是助动词）。
✓ He does like English.
✓ Do come early!（祈使句）
✗ He doesn't does like English.
② 时态与人称：
③ 后面的动词用原形：
He does like English.（like 用原形）
I did tell you the truth.（tell 用原形）
④ what 引导的主语从句强调：
| 普通表达 | 强调表达 |
|---|---|
| He needs a good rest. | What he needs is a good rest. |
| I want to say something. | What I want to say is something. |
👉 口诀：强调谓语用 do/does/did，后面动词用原形。
He does likes English.
📌 口诀：do/does/did + 动词原形。
He doesn't does like English.
📌 要点：do/does/did 强调只用于肯定句和祈使句。
It was yesterday when he came.
📌 口诀：强调状语用 that，不用 when/where/why。
It is I who is responsible for it.
📌 要点：that/who 后的谓语与被强调的主语一致。
It was break the window that he did.
📌 口诀：强调谓语用 do/does/did。
It was not until he came back that I didn't know the truth.
📌 口诀：not until 强调句，that 后肯定式。
It was not until he came back when I knew the truth.
📌 要点：not until 强调句用 that。
Who broke the window was it that?
📌 口诀：疑问词 + is/was it that...，that 不能省。
It was the park where I met him.（判断是否为强调句）
📌 口诀：去掉后完整是强调，不完整是其他。
It is important that we should study hard.
📌 口诀：完整是强调，不完整是其他。
He does likes English.
📌 口诀：do/does/did + 动词原形。
He doesn't does like English.
📌 要点：do/does/did 强调只用于肯定句和祈使句。
上海卷对强调句的考查主要集中在：
强调句每年为上海卷直接贡献 2—4 分，是语法填空和中译英的重要语法点。